When you zoom in on bacteria using a microscope, some of the differences are really quite obvious to us. They can be very different sizes, shapes and structures. Also we sequence their genetic information which tells us even more. Their genetic information (their DNA), acts as an instruction book for the bacteria and it tells it things like how to grow, how it should look, how it should function and more. Each bacterial species will have very different genetic codes and so we can tell them apart this way
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